Catalog: Archives: Regional Art: Asian (588)

A dark forest rises in a field of white, as if still covered in frost or snow, over which is draped a poem brushed in the exquisite script of the poet-nun Otagaki Rengetsu, Itsu to naki, Tokiwa no sato ha, Hototogisu shinobu hatsune ni, Uzuki wo ya shiru?
With the first cry of the Cuckoo, in this village of Tokiwa
Will the people realize, Spring has arrived?
To the extreme left, the cuckoo flies off the page. Ink on paper in forest green silk extended in a beige with black lacquered wood rollers. The scroll is 50.5 x 113.5 cm (20 x 44-1/2 inches). There are faint water stains in the upper border (see closeup photos). It comes enclosed in an old wooden collector’s box annotated by Nanga artist Ueda Koho (1860-1944). The inscription reads Rengetsu-ni Painting, Attested to by the eyes of the 80 year old man Koho Ueda.
Much has been written about the life and work of poet/artist Otagaki Rengetsu. Born into a samurai family, she was adopted into the Otagaki family soon after birth, and served as a lady in waiting in Kameoka Castle in her formative years, where she received an education worthy of a Lady of means. Reputed to be incredibly beautiful, she was married and bore three children; however, her husband and all children died before she was twenty. Remarried she bore another daughter, however that child too perished and her husband died while she was just 32. Inconsolable, she cut off her hair to join the nunnery at Chion-in Temple, where she renounced the world and received the name Rengetsu (Lotus Moon). However this was not the end, but only the beginning of a career as artist and poet which would propel her to the top of the 19th century Japan literati art world.

Three tough looking toads work together to support the base ring of this unusual leaf-shaped bronze Usubata flower basin enclosed in an antique wooden box. It is signed on the base simply “Oka”. Roughly 11 inches (27 cm) diameter, 8 inches (20 cm) tall.

A suit of Edo period armor featuring a Kebiki Ni Mai Do Gusoku, a 2 piece hinged armor of 8 closely knit rows of scale plates. 7 rows of 5 kusazuri hang from the do. It has a 32 plate Suji Kabuto with a tehen Kanamono vent in the shape of a stylized chrysanthemum and prominent Fukigaeshi, with 5 Hineno Jikoro cascading down the back. The helmet has typical chipping to the edges of the lacquer. The bowl retains 90 percent of the original liner and sweatband with the original ties. There is a me no shita no ho mask with 4 lame yodarekake, lacquered inside with red, outside in black and featuring a thick horsehair mustache, again, typical chipping. It also features Osode with brass ornaments and backed with leather; shino gote, haidate and suneate, and comes with an armor box. The armor is laced with orange and white thread, which is all in quite good condition except for the top row on the front of the do. The do and mail were also lacquered in gold. In an unusual note, the armor is still in the hemp bags designed to protect it during storage, marked with the date Ansei ni nen (1855), meaning it was probably repaired or restored at that time.

A pale glazed Kyo-yaki ceramic figurine of a rabbit by Takahashi Dohachi III decorated across the back with a poem by the poet-nun Otagaki Rengetsu. The poem reads:
Usagira ga Rabbits
gamanoho-iro no kegoromo wa Fur robes the color of cattails...
kamiyo nagara ni ki kae zaru ran. Remain un-changed since the age of Gods.
This was crafted by a professional potter, the brushwork by Rengetsu, much crisper than normal thanks to the smooth surface and higher grade materials at teh Dohachi Kiln. Signed on the rump: 77 year old Rengetsu, the figure bearing the stamp of Takahashi Dohachi III on the base. It is roughly 19 x 13 x 19 cm (7-1/2 x 5 x 7-1/2 inches). There is a chip in the tip of the right ear, otherwise is in excellent original condition.
Otagaki Rengetsu was born into a samurai family, she was adopted into the Otagaki family soon after birth, and served as a lady in waiting in Kameoka Castle in her formative years, where she received an education worthy of a Lady of means. Reputed to be incredibly beautiful, she was married and bore three children; however her husband and all children died before she was twenty. Remarried she bore another daughter, however that child too perished and her husband died while she was just 32. Inconsolable, she cut off her hair to join the nunnery at Chion-in Temple, where she renounced the world and received the name Rengetsu (Lotus Moon). However this was not the end, but only the beginning of a career as artist and poet which would propel her to the top of the 19th century Japan literati art world.
The Dohachi Kiln was established in Awataguchi by a retainer of Kameyama fief, Takahashi Dohachi I around 1760, and the name Dohachi was brought to the forefront of porcelain and ceramic production by the second generation head of the family who attained an imperial following, and grew to be one of the most famous potters of the Later Edo period to come from Kyoto. Ninnami Dohachi (1783-1855) was born the second son of Takahashi Dohachi I. Following the early death of his older brother he succeeded the family name, opening a kiln in the Gojo-zaka area of Kyoto (at the foot of Kiyomizu temple) in 1814. Well known for research into and perfection of ancient Chinese and Korean forms long held in high esteem in Japan, and at the same time working to expand the family reputation within tea circles. Along with contemporaries Aoki Mokubei and Eiraku Hozen became well known as a master of porcelain as well as Kenzan and Ninsei ware. Over the following decades he would be called to Takamatsu, Satsuma, Kishu and other areas to consult and establish kilns for the Daimyo and Tokugawa families as well as Nishi-Honganji Temple. An exhibition was held at the Suntory Museum in 2014 centering on this artist, and he is also held in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and Kyoto National Museum among many, many others. The third generation (1811-1879) was known as Kachutei Dohachi and continued the work of his father, producing an abundance of Sencha tea ware and other porcelain forms, maintaining the highest of standards and ensuring the family place in the annals of Kyoto ceramics. He was followed by the fourth generation (1845-1897), and his sons Takahashi Dohachi V (1845-1897) who took control of the kiln in 1897 until 1915 when his younger brother Dohachi VI (Kachutei) (1881-1941) continued the business.

An exquisite pair of gofun covered fox on black and gold lacquered stands protected by copper wire cages, dating from the second half of the Edo period. They wear a shrewd look, eyes narrowed to slits, enhancing their mischievous image. The mystical carvings are covered in white gofun, stained a soft gray from age with highlights still white from eons of careful cleaning. Around the pair of ethereal creatures are removable cages of copper wire to protect the sacred images, the gofun coating made from powdered shell a tasty source of calcium for foraging rodents. The fox alone are roughly 6-1/2 inches (17 cm) tall, with stand together roughly 8-1/2 inches (21 cm) tall. The back paw of one of the animals is missing, but the copper cages have born the brunt of damage and otherwise all is in fine condition. The fox is a magical being, believed a shape shifter and protector of Shinto Shrines. They are also the kami (a term meaning divinity) of business. Every January the Fox Shrine, Fushimi Inari in Kyoto, is inundated at New Year with entrepreneurs, business people and the self employed praying for a successful year.

A skull lies ethereal, only a soft circle before the ghost-like apparition of a grave-marker rising from the boldly stroked dead grasses of some forgotten field. The epitaph above reads:
“Hana no toki mayouta mo” Wavering they did while in full blossom
“Kono Kareno kana” The neglected fields of winter
Here the artist has made a comment on our lives, we blow with the winds here in there, indecisive in our prim, bobbing joyously in the winds, but all come to the same as the flowers fall and winter approaches. Ink on paper in the original paper border with transparent red lacquered wooden rollers. It is 30.5 x 185.5 cm (12 x 73 inches) and is in overall fine, original condition with some discolorations in the upper border. It comes in an old wooden box.
Takeda Motsugai (Fusen, 1795-1867) was a Zen priest of the later Edo to Meiji period born in Iyo Matsuyama (modern Ehime) on the Island of Shikoku. He used a number of names in his lifetime, Fusen was his official Buddhist name, Motsugai may be that for which he is best known, but another common name was Genkotsu Osho (Priest of the bone fist) and Dobutsuan (Place of the mud Buddha). An unruly child, he was sent at the age of five to Ryutai-Ji temple, and at the age of 12 would go to take official position under Kanko Osho at Denpukuji Temple in Hiroshima. He would become an accomplished practitioner of the martial arts there, mastering many styles and weapons. His fame in this department would spread, along with his first nickname, Shio-kara Kozo (Too-salty Bonze), and he would be asked by the Asano Daimyo of Hiroshima to take a position at Kokutaiji temple where the Asano family studied Buddhism. After causing trouble he would leave Hiroshima for Osaka where he would study Confucianism and undergo mendicant training. At the age of 18 he would become an itinerant priest given to wandering the paths and begging for food. In 1819 he would make his debut in Edo (modern Tokyo) where he would enter Kichijo-Ji temple, and two years later be posted to Ruriko-Ji temple in Yamaguchi, and it was here he woud begin writing, returning to Denpuku=ji and his first teacher Kanko-osho the following year. In 1828 he was given the reins of Zaihoji in Onomichi (Hiroshima) and here his fame as a stern teacher would spread, and many would come to learn under his unique ways known as Fusen-ryu. He became a well known writer adept at both Waka and Haiku forms of poetry. He was also known for his skills in flower arranging, Tea Ceremony, and tactical skill in the game of Go. His reputation as both a learned priest, Confucian scholar and martial prowess saw him much traveled and called upon in the troubled period of the 1860s. In 1865 he would be asked to mediate the first Choshu uprising and his application was presented to the emperor showing here the high regard for which his writing had become known. He died enroute from one of his travels in Osaka in 1867.

An 18th-early 19th century Literati landscape featuring a scholars gathering in a forest of pines on one side, a pair of boats pulling up to a hermitage on the other. These are published in the book Jidai Byobu Shuei (pre-restoration, pages 76 and 77). They have been completely restored maintaining the original cloth border and are in superb condition. Each screen measures 70-1/2 x 150-1/2 inches (179 x 382 cm).
So Gessen (1741-1809) was an artist initially trained in Edo under Sakurai Sekkan, and later in Kyoto under Maruyama Okyo. A known associate of Yosa Buson, he was a prominent figure in the literati scene of that time. He lived a quiet life in his later years at Jakushoji Temple in Ise and his style was helped to shape the Literati style of the 19th century. The second stamp bears the temple name, Jakusho shuujin A similar composition is held in the Mie Prefectural Museum.

This Toba-e E-maki appears to be a 19th century Gi-ga follower of the later 18th to early 19th century Osaka "Manga-ka" Nichosai (Matsudaira Heisaburo). His humorous images of Hell were quite popular, known as Kakuyu painting.　Overall the genre has many names, Gi-ga being all encompassing, Toba-e being descriptive of this particular style, and Kakuyu-fu being the style of Nichosai. It ends with a simple stamp which reads Fish (Gyo/Sakana). It is 11 by 174 inches (28 x 442 cm). Very interesting look into the early world of Manga

A very unusual Katana held in a saya (scabbard) made to look like a gnarled branch cut into a poor man’s cane. When pulled a spring-loaded mechanism releases two iron flanges creating a very effective tsuba hand guard. The blade is unsigned, measuring Nishaku nissun nibu {26-1/2 inches (67.3 cm)}. The remnants of a piece of paper remain glued to the saya with the name Masaaki Noma (?) written in cursive Roman letters, followed by UZUMASA, an area in Kyoto city. The end is capped in metal, and in fact, the Koiguchi and Fuchi (at the mouth of the scabbard and handle) are also metal, which blend perfectly with the carved wood.

Two fox representing Inari, one of the principal kami (gods) of Shinto, are depicted on this Edo period talisman made at a shrine and traditionally hung in the home for protection. The two creatures hold in their mouths a buddhist jewel, symbol of knowledge, and a key to the kura, a storehouse for treasures. Between them is written Inari Daimyou Jin. Inari is the Japanese god of fertility, agriculture and of general prosperity and worldly success. In Edo Japan, Inari was also the patron of swordsmiths and Warriors. This is a wood-block printed talisman purchased at a shrine and preserved for more hundreds of years. It has been recently mounted in blue patterned cloth extended with beige and features black lacquered wooden rollers. It comes in a fine kiri-wood storage box with a paper sleeve. The scroll is 46 x 116 cm (18 x 45-1/2 inches) and is in excellent condition.

A radical image by the outlandish Doi Goga featuring a black devil and its child. The child reaches up to the monster, while the monster seems to be giving him a raspberry, his toungue flailing in the air. Ink on paper, it has been completely restored in beige cloth border with bone rollers reflecting the original mounting. The scroll is 42 x 181 cm (16-1/2 x 71-1/4 inches) ad is in excellent condition. Doi Goga (1818-1880) was a Confucian scholar of the late Edo to Meiji periods. He was born the son of a doctor serving the lords of Ise (modern Mie prefecture), home of the gods and Ise Shrine. A child prodigy, he studied under Ishikawa Chikugai and Saito Setsudo. The early death of his father saw him succeed the family head at the age of 12. He would serve later as a teacher in the official government school. He held strong opinions and was very critical of the hypocrisy and corruption he saw in military government and in Confucianism itself. His works began to see the light of day in the early Meiji period, however due to their inflammatory nature, much was left unpublished until after his death. Known for paintings of bamboo and landscapes, his Dojin figures are rare and highly sought.

Two Sometsuke tea containers decorated with scholarly scenes and lengthy calligraphic prose by Seifu Yohei I enclosed in a double wood box (ni-ju-bako) annotated by the fourth generation Seifu. They are 6.5 cm square, 13 cm tall. One has a some damage to the inner rim, a chip in the lid and a nick in the glaze of the bottom corner. Repairs can be performed at cost if desired
Seifu Yohei I (1803-1861) founded the Seifu dynasty in Kyoto. He was born in powerful Kaga-kuni, modern day Kanazawa prefecture. After apprenticing with the second generation Dohachi, he established his own kiln in the Gojo-zaka pottery district of Kyoto. Seifu Yohei II (1844-1878) took over that world upon his father’s death and continued to elevate the family name. His work was presented at the Philadelphia Worlds Fair in 1876, that piece was purchased at the time by the Victoria & Albert Museum in London. He held the reigns for only a short time, and died at the very young age of 34, leaving the kiln to brother in law, who would hurl the name of Seifu onto the annals of history recording the highest qualities of world porcelain artistry. For more on this illustrious lineage see the book Seifu Yohei by Seki Kazuo (2012). Seifu Yohei I (1803-1861) founded the Seifu dynasty in Kyoto. He was born in powerful Kaga-kuni, modern day Kanazawa prefecture. After apprenticing with the second generation Dohachi, he established his own kiln in the Gojo-zaka pottery district of Kyoto. Seifu Yohei II (1844-1878) took over that world upon his father’s death and continued to elevate the family name. His work was presented at the Philadelphia Worlds Fair in 1876, that piece was purchased at the time by the Victoria & Albert Museum in London. He held the reigns for only a short time, and died at the very young age of 34, leaving the kiln to brother in law, who would hurl the name of Seifu onto the annals of history recording the highest qualities of world porcelain artistry. For more on this illustrious lineage see the book Seifu Yohei by Seki Kazuo (2012).

A black-tailed white crane braves tempestuous seas before the massive orb of a blood red rising sun in this sensational late Edo period Kano style scroll. From the right a sinewy tree loaded with exaggerated fruits hangs precariously from the green face of a sheer cliff, its wild branches running helter-skelter through the dark sphere. Mist retreats beyond the horizon, regrouping for another night. A very unorthodox scene, each wave scratched out with soft gray, foam flying from the bird and waking in troughs on the undulating surface of the sea. The powerful scene is bordered in tea green brocade patterned with vertical waves, and features massive ivory rollers. It is 2 feet (61 cm) wide, 76-1/2 inches (194.5 cm) long. There is some creasing in the heavy red paint of the sun, and although white underneath and not noticeable, there is loss to the thick gofun which originally covered the large peaches. These minor defects fail to mitigate the tyrannical presence of this extraordinary painting.

The bowl is 5 inches (13 cm) diameter2-1/2 inches (6 cm) tall and in fine condition. Oku yama no, Hana no Shirayuki, Nagare-kite, Haru no sue kumu, Kawazura no Sato (From Deep in the mountains, fallen petals white as snow, Flow past the village, like the last vestige of Spring). Much has been written about the life and work of poet/artist Otagaki Rengetsu. Born into a samurai family, she was adopted into the Otagaki family soon after birth, and served as a lady in waiting in Kameoka Castle in her formative years, where she received an education worthy of a Lady of means. Reputed to be incredibly beautiful, she was married and bore three children; however her husband and all children died before she was twenty. Remarried she bore another daughter, however that child too perished and her husband died while she was just 32. Inconsolable, she cut off her hair to join the nunnery at Chion-in Temple, where she renounced the world and received the name Rengetsu (Lotus Moon). However this was not the end, but only the beginning of a career as artist and poet which would propel her to the top of the 19th century Japan literati art world.

Oribe Green runs in a curtain over the pale yellow glaze of this Edo period andon-zara oil dish. It is unglazed on bottom, measuring 8 inches (20 cm) diameter and in excellent condition, enclosed in a custom kiri-wood box.

Pure elegance and simplicity of form by Komazawa Risai enclosed in the original signed wooden box titled Mage-Kensui (Round Spent Water Container). It is lacquered outside is tame-nuri opaque wine-red, inside is polished ro-iro black decorated with gold reeds overlapping from all directions. It is 16 cm (6-1/2 inches) diameter, 7 cm (2-3/4 inches) tall and in excellent condition. It is made by Komazawa Risai; head of one of the ten crafts families of the three Senke tea schools adhering to the way of tea as taught by Sen No Rikkyu in the 16th century. The bowl is made of two pieces, the base a thin flat plank cut round, then the vertical is bent around and secured together with binding, the whole then covered in lacquer. The shape is that of a simple Oke or shallow bucket, however the artist has made it so much more than that. This is the epitome of the Japanese Tea Aesthetic.
Taking tea has long spread from its original home of Asia to the rest of the world, spawning in the process distinct and varied customs that deeply mirror the values of the culture that creates them. Japan's history of tea drinking is no different, becoming a focal point for the arts and enlightenment to the point where it became the unique ceremony we now know as chanoyu or the Way of Tea. The name can actually be something of a misnomer to the uninitiated, as although there are similarities in form and structure, there is no singular tea ceremony, and ceremonies can be very varied dependent on season, setting and school, yielding in the process a vast culture that can take a lifetime to become truly aquatinted with. Sen no Rikyu, born in 1522 is largely credited with instilling the quintessentially Japanese values into the custom and codifying the practice into a “Way”. To this very day the three houses of Omotesenke, Urasenke, and Mushakojisenke continue his tradition and teachings every time they perform the tea ceremony, and yet this is no fixed form, but an enduring process of gradual evolution and innovation that continues to reflect Japan beyond the walls of the chashitsu, tea room. In the case of the three Senke houses under Sen no Rikyu's teachings, in their centuries of history we find that their ceremonial tools are all produced by the same ten families, and ever since Mitsukoshi held an exhibition of their works in 1915 the name "Senke Jushoku", or the "Ten Designated Craftsmen of Senke", has entered common usage to describe this small collection of artisans who hold within their lineage the very DNA of the aesthetics of the tea ceremony.
The ten families are: Nakagawa Joeki (metalworker), Okumura Kichibei (scroll mounting maker), Kuroda Shogen (bamboo craftsman and ladle maker), Tsuchida Yuko (pouch maker), Eiraku Zengoro (brazier maker and potter), Raku Kichizaemon (tea bowl maker), Nakamura Sotetsu (lacquerer), Onishi Seiuemon (kettle maker), Hiki Ikkan (papier mache style lacquerer) and Komazawa Risai (woodworker).
The lineage of the Komazawa family began with the first generation Sogen in the later 17th century. The second generation headmaster, Sokei, was recognized by the Sen Tea houses, however, it was after the fourth generation, Risai, that they became more deeply involved in the House of Sen. He established a warm friendship with Kakukakusai, the sixth generation of Omote, and was designated as a regular joiner for tea ceremony and given the name of 'Risai'. The seventh Risai, who worked vigorously in the late Edo period and was also an excellent lacquerer as well as a joiner, and brought great fortune with his innovation and re-visioning of the tea ceremony and its utensils in a modernizing world. After the seventh generation, however, one after another the heads of the family died young. The thirteenth Risai lived up to seventy, but suffered the misfortune of losing his son who was born in his later years. After the death of the thirteenth generation, his wife Namie deicided to become the fourteenth Risai and have her daughter Chiyoko succeed her in the future, but the daughter died young in 1961, and she also died in 1977, leaving the position vacant to this day.

A lovely hand formed bowl in the shape of an inverted mushroom with brush strokes (Kushi-me) defining the gills and the bulbous stipe laying like a handle to one side. A speckled yellow glaze (typical of Maiko) covers the sandy clay, with a drape of green and white seeping like milk from one side. It is roughly 21 cm (8 inches) diameter and in excellent condition, stamped on the base Mahiko (In traditional writing the character for Hi is interchangeable with the character for I as is Fu and U). It comes enclosed in an age blackened wooden box annotated by Yasuda Kenji. Inside the lid is written:
Maiko-yaki, Wafuken Saku (Made by Wafuken), Mattake kashiki (Mushroom shaped Sweets Dish) Created during the Tenpo era by Wafuken Takata Tsuchinosuke of Akashi Yamada Mura. Attested by: Yasuda Kenji , Head of the Osaka Toji Bunka Kenkyu Kai Ceramic Culture Research Group, and Governor of the Nihon Toji Kyokai National Ceramics Society.
It is said that Maiko yaki was begun in Yamada Mura Akashi-gun (modern day Hyogo prefecture) around 1790 by Kinugasa Sohei and was sold along the Maiko Beach, from where it derives its name. Upon the death of Sohei, the kiln passed to his son, but went out of business. Nearby in Oguradani Mikuni Kyuhachi opened a kiln around 1820, creating a characteristic iron speckled wood ash glaze (as seen on this piece). Takata Tsuchinosuke revived the kiln of Sohei in the Tenpo era (c. 1830) and was instrumental in carrying Maiko-yaki forward in the late Edo period. It slowly fell into disuse with the rise of industrial production from the Meiji to Taisho periods, and disappeared in the early 20th century.

A collection of six unique antique sake cups from various regions in Japan, each enclosed in an old wooden box.
1. A rice bale shaped Kosobe yaki bowl in thin bluish-white glaze stamped on the base, probably second or third generation (see below).
2. A Soma Yaki small bowl of pinched form with speckled green glaze from Fukushima. Soma Yaki has a four-hundred-year history.
3. A very rare Etchu Kosugi Yaki wangata cup in smooth blue green glaze with a hint of yellow at the rim.
4. Another very rare Garyuzan-yaki cup incised with white slip in basket style by Yokohagi Ikko (1850-1924) in a signed box.
5. A later Edo Korean style piece with gold repairs by Mizukoshi Yosobei bearing his five-sided seal impressed into the base (the kiln closed in 1860).
And last an anonymous celadon piece whose title I cannot read (appears to be Kyudai seiji).
The Kosobe kiln was established in Takatsuki, along the route between Osaka and Kyoto by Igarashi Shinbei sometime around 1790, The first generation (1750-1829) was known for Raku wares, Tea Utensils and Utsushi wares among more common household items. The second generation (Shinzo, 1791-1851) is remembered for Takatori, Karatsu, Korai and other continental styles. Shingoro, the third-generation head of the family (1833-1882) continued in that line, but secured a route to use Shigaraki clay and blended that with his local clays. He was known for Mishima and E-gorai styles. Into the Meiji period, the 4th generation head Yasojiro (1851-1918) saw the kiln close due to health problems of his successor Shinbei V, (Eitaro) in the late Meiji or early Taisho period.